[Association between waist circumference and ischemic stroke: a prospective study in adults from Qingdao].

Objective: To analyze the association between waist circumference (WC) and ischemic stroke (IS). Methods: The data for the present study were from the prospective cohort study of China Kadoorie Biobank in Qingdao. Using baseline information and IS events of the participants, the Cox proportional hazard regression model and restricted cubic spline (RCS) were used to analyze the association between WC and IS. Results: A total of 33 355 participants were included in the study, with 302 008.88 person-years of follow-up. A total of 1 093 new cases of IS were observed. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression model analysis showed that compared to the respondents with normal WC (male <85.0 cm, female <80.0 cm), respondents with excessive WC (male ≥85.0 cm, female ≥80.0 cm) had a 78% higher risk of IS incidence [hazard ratio(HR)=1.78, 95%CI: 1.51-2.10], and the risk increased by 72% (HR=1.72, 95%CI: 1.40-2.12) and 83% (HR=1.83, 95%CI: 1.40-2.39) in men and women. According to the RCS, the increase in WC and the risk of IS showed an "S" trend of nonlinear dose-response relationship. Conclusions: The risk of IS would increase with the WC. Keeping a normal WC is important for preventing IS.

[Early death and causes of death of patients with autism spectrum disorders: A systematic review].

To study of premature/early death of autistic patients from the perspective of life course can help families, medical institutions and policy makers better deal with the adverse effects of autism. Several studies have shown that autistic patients have a high risk of death, however, the results are still inconsistent. To assess the risk of mortality among the autistic patients, we undertook a comprehensive search of MEDLINE, Web of Science and EMBASE databases. This paper reviewed the studies on the negative disease outcomes of autism spectrum disorders, including the risk of death, causes of death and several research hotspots in this field. Strict inclusion/exclusion criteria were used. Information was extracted from selected papers, tabulated and synthesized. In the study, 15 studies were included, with a total of 216 045 individuals. The main outcome was all-cause mortality in association with autism and the secondary outcome was cause-specific mortality. The results showed that all-cause mortality was higher for the autistic patients (RR=2.32, 95%CI: 1.98-2.72, I2=87.1%, P < 0.001). Risk ratio showed a greater inequality for female than male (male: RR=2.00, 95%CI: 1.57-2.55, I2=93.2%, P < 0.001; female: RR=4.66, 95%CI: 3.30-6.58, I2=92.0%, P < 0.001). Compared with the unnatural death, the risk of natural death was higher (RR=3.44, 95%CI: 1.27-9.26, I2=80.2%, P=0.025). As autism had many comorbidities, which would bring more health risks and natural deaths possibilities. There were some structural differences in unnatural death. Accidental injury death and suicide were two kinds of causes. Lacking social skills would weaken the ability to ask for help when encountering injuries. This paper put forward some suggestions for futures. First, to well study the comorbidity can reduce the risk of death from a medical point of view. Second, the scientists and policymakers should pay attention to the social environment and provide a safer environment for the autistic patients. Third, for women and for adolescents without cognitive impairment, due to their high risk of suicide, the society should provide them with more supportive social networks and improve their life satisfaction. Fourth, it is necessary to balance the rehabilitation resources in various regions in China and provide more high-quality lifelong rehabilitation monitoring and care services.

[Prevalence and related factors of visual disability, hearing disability and comorbidity of visual and hearing disability among the elderly in China].

Objective: To estimate the prevalence of visual disability, hearing disability and comorbidity of visual and hearing disability among the elderly in China, and explore the related factors of comorbidity of visual and hearing disability in the elderly. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. Based on the Second China National Sample Survey on Disability in 2006, the data of the elderly with visual and hearing disability were extracted and combined for descriptive analysis. Meanwhile, multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the related factors of comorbidity of visual and hearing disability among the elderly. Results: A total of 250 752 cases were in the final analysis (119 120 males and 131 632 females), and there were 164 003, 74 156 and 12 593 cases with the age of 65-<75, 75-<85 and ≥ 85 years, respectively. The prevalence of visual disability and hearing disability of the elderly in China was 8.10% (95%CI: 8.00%-8.21%), 13.41% (95%CI: 13.29%-13.54%), respectively, while the prevalence of comorbidity of visual and hearing disability was 1.97% (95%CI: 1.92%-2.02%). The severity of disability of the elderly with comorbidity of visual and hearing disability was higher, and the percentage of mild disabilities (18.31%, 966/5 277) was lower than those with visual (53.06%, 11 208/21 123) or hearing disabilities (32.96%, 11 536/34 995). Moreover, 19.40% (1 024/5 277) of visual or hearing disability occurred in the same year. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that education level below primary school (OR=0.65, 95%CI: 0.61-0.70, P<0.001), having a spouse (OR=0.68, 95%CI: 0.64-0.72, P<0.001), living in an urban area (OR=0.77, 95%CI: 0.71-0.82, P<0.001) and having a per capita household income higher than the national average (OR=0.73, 95%CI: 0.68-0.78, P<0.001) were protective factors for comorbidity of visual and hearing disability among the elderly. Conclusions: Visual disability is correlated with hearing disability in the elderly. Attention should be paid to the prevention and control of associated disabilities such as visual and hearing co-disabilities in the elderly population, with emphasis on strengthening publicity and education on prevention and control of visual and hearing disabilities for the elderly who are economically disadvantaged, have no spouse and live in remote areas.

[Phenotype and genotype analyses of two pedigrees with inherited fibrinogen deficiency].

Objective: To analyze the phenotype and genotype of two pedigrees with inherited fibrinogen (Fg) deficiency caused by two heterozygous mutations. We also preliminarily probed the molecular pathogenesis. Methods: The prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), thrombin time (TT) and plasma fibrinogen activity (Fg∶C) of all family members (nine people across three generations and three people across two generations) were measured by the clotting method. Fibrinogen antigen (Fg:Ag) was measured by immunoturbidimetry. Direct DNA sequencing was performed to analyze all exons, flanking sequences, and mutated sites of FGA, FGB, and FGG for all members. Thrombin-catalyzed fibrinogen polymerization was performed. ClustalX 2.1 software was used to analyze the conservatism of the mutated sites. MutationTaster, PolyPhen-2, PROVEAN, SIFT, and LRT online bioinformatics software were applied to predict pathogenicity. Swiss PDB Viewer 4.0.1 was used to analyze the changes in protein spatial structure and molecular forces before and after mutation. Results: The Fg∶C of two probands decreased (1.28 g/L and 0.98 g/L, respectively). The Fg∶Ag of proband 1 was in the normal range of 2.20 g/L, while it was decreased to 1.01 g/L in proband 2. Through genetic analysis, we identified a heterozygous missense mutation (c.293C>A; p.BßAla98Asp) in exon 2 of proband 1 and a heterozygous nonsense mutation (c.1418C>G; p.BßSer473*) in exon 8 of proband 2. The conservatism analysis revealed that Ala98 and Ser473 presented different conservative states among homologous species. Online bioinformatics software predicted that p.BßAla98Asp and p.BßSer473* were pathogenic. Protein models demonstrated that the p.BßAla98Asp mutation influenced hydrogen bonds between amino acids, and the p.BßSer473* mutation resulted in protein truncation. Conclusion: The dysfibrinogenemia of proband 1 and the hypofibrinogenemia of proband 2 appeared to be related to the p.BßAla98Asp heterozygous missense mutation and the p.BßSer473* heterozygous nonsense mutation, respectively. This is the first ever report of these mutations.

[A case of autologous corneal stromal lenticule transplantation and vision function training in the correction of hyperopia].

Hypermetropic anisometropia is often accompanied by visual fatigue, and the higher hyperopia is prone to form amblyopia. To avoid Wear glasses fatigue, the higher hyperopia is often under corrected and regulative spasm. Pseudomyopia may occur in the early stage after refractive surgery. In this case, autologous corneal stromal lenticule transplantation was used to correct hyperopia. After standard visual cognitive training, the Uncorrected Distance Visual Acuity was rapidly improved, and the binocular vision was normal.

The association between sociodemographic status and COPD and asthma mortality, DALY and YLD in southern China, 2005-2015.

BACKGROUND: Little is known about the disease burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma in southern China. METHOD: We calculated the mortality, disability-adjusted life-years (DALY), years lived with disability (YLD) and years of life lost (YLL) for COPD and asthma in Guangdong province between 2005 and 2015. We examined the significance of trends of mortality, DALY, YLD and YLL rates for COPD and asthma with the Cochran-Armitage trend test. We also analyzed their association with sociodemographic factors by negative binomial models. RESULT: The age-standardized mortality, DALY, YLD and YLL rates of COPD and asthma decreased significantly in Guangdong, except for an increase of 11.3% in the age-standardized YLD rate of COPD between 2005 and 2015 (all P < 0.05). Compared with females, the respective adjusted mortality rate ratio of males was 2.11 for COPD, and 0.74 for asthma. Compared with other regions, the richest region, Pearl River Delta, had the lowest mortality, DALY, YLD and YLL rate ratios (RR) of COPD and asthma (all P < 0.05). COPD and asthma mortality, DALY, YLD and YLL rates increased substantially with age. Specifically, when compared with the 25-49 years age group, the respective adjusted DALY RR of asthma was 1.91, 2.02 and 22.21 for 0-24, 50-74 and ≥75 years age group; the respective adjusted YLD RR was 2.27, 1.33 and 7.17 for 0-24, 50-74 and ≥75 years age group. CONCLUSIONS: Disease burden of COPD and asthma decreased in Guangdong province in southern China between 2005 and 2015; however, a disproportionate burden of COPD and asthma in terms of age, sex and regions was observed. The relatively high disease burden and high rate of impaired public health from the less developed regions highlight the need for focused policy making to address the problem.

[Analysis of glucose changes in adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus within 1 year after using mobile APP decision support system].

Objective: To analyze the changes in glucose after using a decision support system (DSS) of a smartphone mobile application (APP) in adults with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Methods: In the intervention study, the data (including general information at the time of registration) of adult T1DM patients enrolled in the Chinese T1DM Registration Management Project and registered with TangTangQuan® APP were collected. Within 1 year after registration, fasting blood glucose, pre-prandial and postprandial blood glucose at the three meals, blood glucose before bedtime and in nocturnal time were collected every 3 months. Frequencies of total recorded glucose values and proportion of different ranges of glycemia were also collected and analyzed, including the range between 3.9-7.8 mmol/L (Euglycemia), ranged below 3.9 mmol/L (Hypoglycemia) and range above 13.9 mmol/L (hyperglycemia). The patients were divided into 3 groups according to the daily use frequency of DSS (Low/Moderate/High frequency groups). The changes in point blood glucose, the proportion of hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia over time were compared among different groups, as well as the baseline characteristics and glucose characteristics of patients. Results: A total of 629 eligible T1DM patients were included, including 216 (34.3%) males and 413 (65.7%) females, aged (31.5±10.8) years, and disease duration [M(Q1, Q3)] of 1.2 (0.1, 7.4) years. There were 239, 189 and 201 patients in the low, moderate and high frequency groups, respectively. Significant differences were observed among the three groups in all timepoints of self-monitoring blood glucose except for the glucose before bedtime from 10 to 12 months after registration (all P values<0.05), and the glucose level at each point in the high frequency group was lower than that in the other two groups. In the first three months after registration, there was no difference in the proportion of hypoglycemia among the three groups (P>0.05). However, from 10 to 12 months after registration, the proportion [M(Q1, Q3)] of hypoglycemia [3.34% (0.85%, 7.40%), 3.00% (0.78%, 6.17%), 1.81% (0.37%, 4.69%)] (P=0.022) between groups (from low to high frequency groups) and hyperglycemia [4.04% (0, 12.16%), 1.88% (0, 7.80%), 0.81% (0, 3.87%)] (P=0.001) were significantly different. Conclusions: The DSS function of mobile APP is helpful to the glucose management of adult patients with T1DM within 1 year after registration. The average blood glucose in adults with T1DM decreased, and the proportions of hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia were also reduced.

[Clinical characteristics and prognostic risk factors analysis of carbapenem-resistant organism in the department of hematology].

Objective: To study the distribution and drug resistance of Carbapenem-Resistant Organism (CRO) and to analysis the risk factors of CRO 30-day mortality. Methods: A total of 181 patients with CRO infection diagnosed in Department of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital from January 2018 to June 2020 were retrospectively investigated. The clinical and laboratory data of the patients were collected, the prognosis of patients diagnosed with CRO infection in day 30 was followed up, and the risk factors of prognosis were analyzed. The clinical significance of Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) active screening was further evaluated in the CRE subgroup. Results: Among the total of 181 CRO isolates, 47.2% were CRE, 37.0% were Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and 32.6% were Klebsiella pneumoniae, which were highly resistant to carbapenem and had high MIC value, 76.8% (139/181) of CRO were MIC of imipenem resistance≥16 µg/ml. The main sources of isolates were blood and sputum. The 30-day all-cause mortality rates of patients with CRO or CRE infection were (41.4±3.7) % and (44.7±5.4) %, respectively. The COX multivariate regression analysis showed that the level of procalcitonin >0.2 ng/ml and the MIC value of imipenem resistance ≥ 16 µg/ml were independent risk factors for 30-day mortality of CRO infected patients. The CRE subgroup analysis showed that MIC value of imipenem resistance ≥16 µg/ml were independent risk factors for 30-day mortality of CRE infected patients. The 30-day cumulative survival rate of patients with CRE active screening was higher than the patients without CRE active screening [ (68.0±9.3) % vs (50.0±6.5) %, P=0.21]. Conclusion: The high MIC value of imipenem resistance isolates seriously affects the prognosis of patients with CRO infection in the hematology department, and the mortality rate was high. CRE active screening is expected for early prevention, early diagnosis, and early treatment for high-risk patients.

[Analysis of pregnancy outcomes of D6 single blastocyst transplantation in fresh and frozen-thawed cycles].

Objective: To compare the main clinical outcomes of Day 6 (D6) single blastocyst transplantation in fresh and frozen-thawed cycles. Methods: The data of fresh blastocyst transplantation patients and frozen-thawed blastocyst transplantation patients from January 2013 to December 2017 were retrospectively analysed. Fresh blastocyst transplantation and frozen-thawed blastocyst transplantation were matched in a ratio of 1∶3 by using propensity score matching, the matching factors included age, body mass index, thickness of endometrium and blastocyst grade. Totally 180 cases were included in the fresh cycle group and 540 cases in the frozen-thawed cycle group. Results: There was no significant difference in basal FSH between the two groups [(6.9±2.5) versus (6.4±3.8) U/L, P=0.334]. The positive rate of hCG in D6 blastocyst fresh cycle transplantation group [32.8%(59/180) versus 48.1%(260/540)], clinical pregnancy rate [28.9%(52/180) versus 43.5%(235/540)] and live birth rate [21.1%(38/180) versus 32.2%(174/540)] were lower than those of frozen-thawed cycle group (all P<0.05). The miscarriage rate was higher [26.9%(14/52) versus 24.7%(58/235)], but there was no statistical difference (P>0.05). Conclusions: The clinical pregnancy outcome of D6 single blastocyst frozen-thawed cycle transplantation is better than that of fresh cycle. In order to obtain better clinical outcomes, frozen-thawed cycle transplantation of blastocysts formed on the 6th day is recommended.

[Potential clinical value of new type of HBV serological markers ranking in the review column].

Liver fibrosis, liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma caused by chronic hepatitis B are still the main diseases that seriously affect the health of Chinese population. Notably, even if serum HBV-DNA cannot be detected after treatment, many patients will still develop liver disease. Therefore, in addition to the quantitative analysis of HBV-DNA and HBsAg, other new serological markers should be sought to facilitate the selection of CHB antiviral drugs and methods, monitoring efficacy and follow-up, efficacy prediction, and the risks of viral rebound after drug withdrawal. This article focuses on three new serological markers, namely HBcrAg, HBV-RNA and anti-HBc, with a view to applying them in clinical practice.

[Analysis of quantitative changes of γδT cells in the peripheral blood of patients with chronic brucellosis].

Objective: To investigate the quantitative changes of γδT cells in peripheral blood before and after anti-Brucella treatment in patients with chronic brucellosis. Methods: A prospective design was used to 88 patients with chronic brucellosis who were admitted to the Second People's Hospital of Tianjin from September 2012 to April 2018. The patients took anti-brucella drugs, And the changes in the number of γδT cell, CD3(+), CD4(+), CD8(+)T lymphocytes and CD4/8 in peripheral blood before treatment, 6 weeks and 12 weeks after treatment were analyzed. Thirty volunteers were selected as the healthy control group from Tianjin Second People's Hospital employee health checkup in 2014. Results: After 6 weeks antibacterial therapy, the counts of CD3(+), CD4(+) and CD8(+)T lymphocytes were significantly lower than before treatment in patients with chronic brucellosis (P<0.05) . After 12 weeks antibacterial therapy, the counts of γδT cell, CD3(+), CD4(+) and CD8(+)T lymphocytes were significantly lower than before treatment (P<0.05) , but CD4/8 was higher than before treatment in patients with chronic brucellosis (P<0.05) . Compared with healthy control group, after 6 weeks antibacterial treatment, the γδT cell count was still significantly higher, but the CD4(+)T lymphocyte count was lower (P<0.05) . After 12 weeks treatment, the γδT cell count was still significantly higher than that of the healthy control group (P<0.01) . Conclusion: γδ T cells, CD4(+), CD8(+) and CD3(+)T lymphocytes may play a role in human body resistance to chronic Brucella infection.

[Efficacy of stellate ganglion block in perioperative period of patients with chronic sinusitis and hypertension].

Objective: To observe the perioperative efficacy of stellate ganglion block (SGB) in functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) in chronic sinusitis patients with hypertension. Methods: A total of 60 patients with chronic sinusitis complicated with hypertension who were scheduled to undergo FESS in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University from April 2018 to December 2019 were selected and divided into SGB group and control group by random number table method. SGB were performed at 24 hours before surgery and induction of general anesthesia alternately, while the control group was not treated. During the operation, controlled hypotension were performed in both groups. Hemodynamic parameters such as systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were recorded at 24 hours before surgery(T(0)), before anesthesia induction (T(1)), at the beginning of surgery (T(2)), at the end of surgery (T(3)), and at 24 hours after surgery(T(4)).Plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine concentrations were measured at T(0), T(1), T(3) and T(4). The dosage of anesthesia and other drugs, operative time, bleeding amount and extubation time were recorded, while the quality of the operative field was evaluated. VAS scores were assessed at 1, 6 and 24 hours after surgery. Results: In the SGB group, SBP, DBP and MAP in T(1), T(2), T(3), T(4) and HR in T(1), T(4) were lower than those in the control group (all P<0.05). Compared with T(0), SBP, DBP, MAP and HR in T(1), T(2), T(3), T(4) all decreased in SGB group (all P<0.05); In the control group, SBP, DBP and MAP only decreased in T(2) and T(3), and HR fluctuated significantly (P<0.05). In the SGB group, plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine concentrations at T(1), T(3) and T(4) were lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). Compared with T(0), plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine concentrations in the SGB group fluctuated in positive and negative phases, while those in the control group increased (P<0.05). The pain scores in SGB group at 6 and 24 hours after surgery were 1.3±0.7 and 2.6±0.9, which were lower than 1.7±0.7 and 3.1±0.9 in the control group (t=-2.290, -2.050, all P<0.05). Conclusion: SGB may effectively improve hemodynamics, maintain homeostasis, reduce anesthesia and surgical complications in patients with chronic sinusitis and hypertension in perioperative period.

[Effects of microRNA-182-5p on cell proliferation and invasion of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and related molecular mechanisms].

Objective: To investigate the effects of microRNA-182-5p (miR-182-5p) on cell proliferation and invasion of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and its related molecular mechanisms. Methods: Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was employed to detect the miR-182-5p expression in ESCC tissues and cells. MiR-182-5p inhibitor, miR-182-5p mimic and negative control (NC) were transfected into ESCC Eca109 and TE1 cells, and miR-182-5p expression after transfection was examined using RT-qPCR. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) was utilized to investigate the cell proliferation and Transwell chamber was used to detect the cell invasion ability. Dual-luciferase reporter assay was used to detect the direct interaction of miR-182-5p and cell adhesion molecule 2 (CADM2), RT-qPCR was employed to detect CADM2 expression in ESCC tissues, the correlation between CADM2 and miR-182-5p was also examined. Finally, western blot was used to detect the protein expressions of CADM2, focal adhesion kinase (FAK), p-Akt and Akt after transfection. Results: The miR-182-5p level in ESCC tissues was (2.180±1.295), significantly higher than (0.890±0.284) in normal esophageal epithelial tissues (P<0.001). The survival ratio of ESCC patients with high miR-182-5p level was evidently lower than that of ESCC patients with low miR-182-5p level (P<0.05). MiR-182-5p expression was significantly associated with TNM staging and lymph node metastasis (P<0.05). The expressions of miR-182-5p in ESCC cells including EC9706, Eca109, TE1, KYSE450 and KYSE70 were (2.449±0.082), (2.965±0.088), (4.873±0.258), (1.338±0.045) and (1.999±0.082), respectively, obviously higher than (0.989±0.087) in normal esophageal epithelial cell Het-1A (all P<0.01). Besides, miR-182-5p inhibitor significantly downregulated the miR-182-5p expression in Eca109 and TE1, and suppressed cell proliferation and invasion ability. Conversely, miR-182-5p mimic significantly upregulated the miR-182-5p expression in Eca109 and TE1, and promoted cell proliferation and invasion ability. Dual-luciferase reporter assay revealed that co-transfection of CADM2-3'UTR-WT and miR-182-5p mimic significantly reduced the luciferase activities in Eca109 and TE1 cells (P<0.01), and CADM2 was the direct target of miR-182-5p. The expression of CADM2 in ESCC tissues was (0.190±0.143), markedly lower than (0.845±0.327) in normal esophageal epithelial tissues (P<0.001). The miR-182-5p level exhibited negative correlation with CADM2 level in ESCC tissues (r=-0.5004, P<0.001). In addition, CADM2 expression was closely correlated with TNM staging and lymph node metastasis (P<0.05). The survival ratio of ESCC patients with high CADM2 level was evidently higher than that of ESCC patients with low CADM2 level (P<0.05). MiR-182-5p inhibitor significantly upregulated the expression of CADM2 protein, but suppressed the protein expressions of FAK, p-Akt and Akt, whereas miR-182-5p mimic markedly downregulated the expression of CADM2 protein, but promoted the protein expressions of FAK, p-Akt and Akt. Conclusion: MiR-182-5p is implicated in the carcinogenesis and development of ESCC, and thus may be a potential molecular target for ESCC patients.

The impact of anthropogenic and environmental factors on human rabies cases in China.

Human rabies is a public health problem in Asia, especially in less-developed regions where the disease is under-reported because of a lack of epidemiological surveillance. To address this gap, we collected data on human rabies in Yunnan Province, China, between 2005 and 2016. Using statistical mapping techniques, we correlated the occurrence of human rabies to environmental (elevation, precipitation, normalized difference vegetation index [NDVI], temperature and distance to the nearest main rivers) and anthropogenic (human and dog population density, distance to the nearest main roads and gross domestic product [GDP]) factors. We used a performance score, the average area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (0.88), to validate our risk model. Using this model, we found that environmental factors were more strongly associated with human rabies occurrence than anthropogenic factors. Areas with elevation below 2000 metres, GDP per capita between $750 and $4500/year and NDVI below 0.07 were associated with greater risk of human rabies. Rabies control in China should specifically target these areas.

[Related factors for microalbuminuria in adult type 1 diabetes patients of short disease duration].

Objective: To investigate related factors for microalbuminuria in adult type 1 diabetes (T1D) patients of short disease duration (less than 5 years), and provide evidence for prevention of early diabetic kidney disease in this population. Methods: All adult patients enrolled in the Guangdong T1D translational medicine study between 2011 and 2017 with a disease duration of less than 5 years were included in this analysis. At enrollment, patients' demographic and clinical data were documented, and blood and urine samples were collected for the measurements of blood lipids, glycated hemoglobin A1c and urine albuminuria. Insulin resistance was evaluated by estimated glucose disposal rate (eGDR). Patients were categorized into groups based on urine albumin creatitine ratio (UACR): normoalbuminuric group (UACR<30 mg/g) and microalbuminuric group (UACR≥30 mg/g). Stepwise multivariate linear regression analysis was used to analyze risk factors for microalbuminuria in adult T1D patients of short disease duration. Results: A total of 384 patients were included in this analysis, and 51.3% (197/384) of which was female. The onset age of patients was (24.6±12.5) years, with a disease duration of 2.1(0.6, 3.5) years, body mass index of (19.8±3.2) kg/m(2), waist hip ratio of 0.85±0.21, and glycated hemoglobin A1c of (9.8±3.3)% at enrollment. Microalbuminuria occurred in 62 patients (16.1%). Multivariate linear analysis showed that higher glycated hemoglobin A1c, higher systolic blood pressure and more severe insulin resistance were related factors for microalbuminuria (t=2.322, 2.868 and -2.373, respectively, all P<0.05). Conclusions: Microalbuminuria was not rare in adult T1D patients of short disease duration. Inadequate glycemic control and insulin resistance were independent related factors for microalbuminuria in this population.